Footnotes 

1. Gerhard Höpp, “Ruhmloses Zwischenspiel: Fawzi al-Qawuqji in Deutschland, 1941–1947” in Al-Rafidayn: Jahrbuch zu Geschichte und Kultur des modernen Iraq, ed. Peter Heine (Würzburg: Ergon Verlag, 1995)
2. Security Council Official Records, S/Agenda/58 (April 16, 1948), p. 19       
3. JTA, “Jewish refugees bill being considered by U.S. House of Representatives,” Haaretz, August 2, 2012, at www.haaretz.com/jewish-world/jewish-world-news/jewish-refugees-bill-being-considered-by-u-s-house-of-representatives-1.455503; Benny Morris, Righteous Victims (2001), pp. 252–258; Yoav Gelber, Palestine 1948 (2001), pp. 74–84
4. Akhbar al-Yom, Egypt, October 11, 1947; quoted in David Barnett and Efraim Karsh, “Azzam’s Genocidal Threat,” Middle East Quarterly (Fall 2011)
5. Trygve Lie, In the Cause of Peace, (New York: Macmillan Company, 1954), p. 174
6. For one example, see the official Palestinian Authority newspaper Al-Hayat Al-Jadida of May 7, 2014, as quoted in The Times of Israel, “PA paper: Creation of Israel ‘Greatest Crime in History,’” May 16, 2014.
7. Benny Morris, 1948: The First Arab–Israeli War, (New Haven, London: Yale University Press, 2009), p. 407
8. Benny Morris, The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem, 1947–1949 (1998), p. 286
9. Ian J. Bickerton and Carla L. Klausner, A Concise History of the Arab–Israeli Conflict (NJ: Prentice Hall, 1991), p. 101
10. “Interview with [Hazem Nusseibeh], May 1968,” Larry Collins Papers, Georgetown University Library, cited in Benny Morris, 1948: The First Arab–Israeli War, (New Haven, London: Yale University Press, 2009), p. 443
11. See clip from PBS program The 50 Years War: Israel And The Arabs, youtu.be/72Ata-hY9WQ.
12. Al Urdun, April 9, 1953
13. The Memoirs of Haled al Azm (Beirut: 1973), Part 1, pp. 386–387
14. Efraim Karsh, The Palestine War 1948 (Bloomsbury Publishing, 2006), p. 127
15. Ibid. p. 409
16. Martin Gilbert, Jerusalem—Illustrated History Atlas (Vallentine Mitchell: 1994), p 93
17. Ruth Kark and Michal Oren-Nordheim, Jerusalem and its Environs: Quarters, Neighborhoods, Villages, 1800–1948 (Wayne State University Press, 2001), p. 28
18. Jewish Virtual Library, “Myths and Facts—The Refugees,” 2019, at www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/myths-and-facts-the-refugees#g
19. Efraim Karsh, op. cit., p. 408
20. Efraim Karsh, op. cit., p. 409
21. Matthias Küntzel, “National Socialism and Anti-Semitism in the Arab World,” Jewish Political Studies Review, 17:1–2 (Spring 2005), www.jcpa.org/phas/phas-kuntzel-s05.htm
22. Wolfgang G. Schwanitz, Barry Rubin, Nazis, Islamists, and the Making of the Modern Middle East (Yale University Press, 2014)
23. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10007407. See also, Richard Breitman, Himmler and the Final Solution: The Architect of Genocide (Pimlico, 2004).
24. Raul Hilberg, citing correspondence from Amin al-Husseini to Nazi Foreign Minister von Ribbentrop, in The Destruction of the European Jews (New York: Harper Colophon Books, 1979)
25. Jeffrey Herf, Nazi Propaganda for the Arab World (Yale University Press, 2010) and Küntzel, op. cit.
26. Gerald Fleming, Hitler and the Final Solution, citing notes taken at the November 28, 1941, meeting (University of California Press, 1988), pp. 101–105
27. Klaus-Michael Mallmann and Martin Cüppers, Nazi Palestine: The Plans for the Extermination of the Jews of Palestine (Enigma Books in association with the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, 2010)
28. Tsilla Hershco, “Le grand mufti de Jérusalem en France: Histoire d’une évasion,” Revue Controverses (March 2006)
29. Radio Berlin, March 1, 1944; quoted in Norman Stillman, “Frenchman, Jews, or Arabs? Jews of the Arab World between European Colonialism, Zionism, and Arab Nationalism” in Benjamin H. Hary, John Lewis Hayeseds, Fred Astren, Judaism and Islam: Boundaries, Communications, and Interaction: Essays in Honor of William M. Brinner (Brill (2000), pp. 123–138
30. Edwin Black, The Farhud: Roots of The Arab–Nazi Alliance in the Holocaust (New York: Dialog Press, 2010)
31. Harvey E. Goldberg, The Jews of the Middle East and North Africa in Modern Times (Columbia University Press, 2003), pp. 140–141
32. Colin Shindler, A History of Modern Israel (Cambridge University Press, 2008), p. 63
33. Rami Mangoubi, “A Jewish Refugee Answers Youssef Ibrahim,” Middle East Times (October 30, 2004)
34. Andrew G. Bostom, The Legacy of Islamic Antisemitism: From Sacred Texts to Solemn History (Prometheus Books, 2008), p. 160
35. Ofer Aderet, “Jews of Aden recall the pogrom sparked by UN vote on Palestine partition plan,” Haaretz (30 November 2016)
36. Norman A. Stillman, op. cit., p. xvi
37. Itamar Levin, Locked Doors: The Seizure of Jewish Property in Arab Countries (Westport, CT: Praeger, 2001), Chapters 2–3
38. Malka Hillel Shulewitz, Forgotten Millions: The Modern Jewish Exodus from Arab Lands (New York, London Continuum, 2000)
39. “Justice for Jews from Arab Countries,” Legal Reports, www.justiceforjews.com/legal.html
40. Report of the UNREF Executive Committee, Fourth Session—Geneva (29 January to 4 February 1957)
41. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Document No. 7/2/3/Libya (6 July 1967)
42. “Where We Work—Jordan,” UNRWA, www.unrwa.org/where-we-work/jordan, accessed April 24, 2018
43. TOI Staff, “Rivlin: Israel must ensure Arab Jerusalem neighborhoods share city’s prosperity,” Times of Israel (June 3, 2019), at
    www.timesofisrael.com/rivlin-says-jerusalem-prosperity-cannot-leave-arab-neighborhoods-behind
44. “Mission Statement,” UNHCR, www.unhcr.org/4847b7832.pdf, accessed April 22, 2018
45. “Note on the Cessation Clauses, EC/47/SC/CRP.30,” UNHCR Standing Committee, Section II.4 (General Principles) (May 30, 1997)
46. “Procedural Standards for Refugee Status Determination under UNHCR’s Mandate,” www.unhcr.org/4317223c9.pdf
47. “Palestine Refugees,” UNRWA, www.unrwa.org/palestine-refugees, accessed April 22, 2018
48. James G. Lindsay, “UNRWA: Still UN-Fixed,” Justice Magazine, No. 55 (Winter 2014–2015), p. 19
49. UNRWA, “Where We Work,” www.unrwa.org/where-we-work, accessed July 16, 2019
50. UNHCR, “Figures at a Glance,” www.unhcr.org/figures-at-a-glance.html, accessed July 16, 2019
51. UNRWA, “Annual Operational Report 2018,” www.unrwa.org/sites/default/files/content/resources/unrwa_annual_operational_report_2018_final_3.pdf, accessed July 16, 2019
52. Lily Rothman and Liz Ronk, “This Is What Europe’s Last Major Refugee Crisis Looked Like,” Time (September 11, 2015),
    time.com/4029800/world-war-ii-refugee-photos-migrant-crisis, citing Chauncey D. Harris and Gabriele Wülker, “The Refugee Problem of Germany,” Economic Geography, Vol. 29, No. 1 (January 1953), pp. 10–25
53. Vidhi Doshi and Nisar Mehdi, “70 years later, survivors recall the horrors of India-Pakistan partition,” Washington Post (August 14, 2017), www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia-pacific/70-years-later-survivors-recall-the-horrors-of-india-pakistan-partition/2017/08/14/3b8c58e4-7de9-11e7-9026-4a0a64977c92_story.html?utm_term=.0677b6e2cb1d
54. Pakistan Bureau of Statistics, www.pbs.gov.pk/content/population-religion, 2017
55. Indian Population Census 2011, Religion Census, www.census2011.co.in/religion.php
56. R.M. Douglas, Orderly and Humane: The Expulsion of the Germans after the Second World War (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2013), yalebooks.yale.edu/book/9780300198201/orderly-and-humane
57. “The Cessation Clauses: Guidelines on their Application,” UNHCR (Geneva, April 1999), p. 1
58. Hussein Ibish, “What’s Wrong with the One-State Agenda?,” www.americantaskforce.org/what%E2%80%99s_wrong_onestate_agenda_html, 2009